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Chemical Elements and Compounds 1. Distinguish between an element and a compound. An ELEMENT is a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by a chemical reaction. While a COMPOUND is a substance consisting of two or more elements combined in a fixed ratio. Exploring Life on its Many Levels 2. Identify the four elements that make up 96% of living matter. The 4 elements that make up 96% of living matter are: Carbon (C), oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), and nitrogen (N). The remaining 4% consist of: Phosphorus (P), sulfur (s), calcium (Ca), potassium (d