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Fayolism is the name for a school of thought named after Henri Fayol, a French business executive famous for turning companies around from the brink of bankruptcy, and there exists a Fayol Society which has collected 14 of his management principles. Although Fayolism existed about the same time as the Era of Scientific Management, it is a different approach which focuses on positions (administration) rather than people (administrators). The works of Henri Fayol were not translated into English until the 1940s, so his impact on American management was delayed. Some of his basic ideas included: 1. Start at the top and reorganize the upper management echelons, including the Board of Directors 2. Teach everybody in the organization management theories and administrative thought 3. Eliminate as much red tape as possible in the organization 4. Establish lines of lateral communication Fayol laid down the following principles of organization (he called them principles of management): 1. Specialization of labor. Specializing encourages continuous improvement in skills and the development of improvements in methods. 2. Authority. The right to give or