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Thousands of years ago, a great empire ruled the land of Egypt. The Pharaoh, or king, ruled the lands and the throne was passed down through generation. After the pharaoh died, his appointed son would become the new Pharaoh. Before Hatshepsut, they were always male. Tuthmosis I, her father left the throne to his son Tuthmosis II, her husband. After a couple years he died, and Hatshepsut temporarily took the throne, teaching her inexperienced nephew Tuthmosis III how to be pharaoh. Hatshepsut, the first female Pharaoh of Egypt, maintained peace and order throughout Egypt by creating an important trade route to Punt and using political tricks such as pretending to be a man and child of a god. Hatshepsut’s ancestry, as shown in Figure 1, is complicated. King Amenhotep was a great Egyptian pharaoh. He did not have a son, so he appointed his trusted warrior Tuthmosis I to rule after he died. Too keep ancestors of prior pharaohs, Tuthmosis I married Ahmos, one of Amenhotep’s daughter. Their only child was Hatshepsut, who Tuthmosis I treated as his favorite, raised her as a boy, and wanted her to take the throne. Hatshepsut’s childhood was different than most Egyptian girls, even if they were of royalty. She was born around 150