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Argentina Today Introduction Argentina, officially recognized as the Argentine Republic, is a South American country with a capitol named Buenos Aires. Within Latin America, the country of Argentina is second in size next to Brazil and fourth in population behind Brazil, Mexico, and Colombia. This large land covers more than 1 million square miles (2.7 million square kilometers). It is located in the southern part of South America, just east of the Andes Mountains. It ranges from the Tropic of Capricorn down south to the tip of the continent within 700 miles (1,100 kilometers) of the continent of Antarctica. Argentina claims a section of that continent, as well as the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) and several other islands off the coast of South America. Chile borders the country on the west and south, while Bolivia and Paraguay lies to the north. Brazil, Uruguay, and the Atlantic Ocean are located east of Argentina. The official language of Argentina is Spanish, with more than 90 percent of the population being of Roman Catholic faith. Spanish colonists, along with those from other regions of South America, settled the country from the 16th century on through the 18th century. Immigrants from European countries like