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Each era in America has brought on change and challenged the traditional way of doing things. In the 1880’s through 1890’s with changes in the way business conducted and in the way of politics. In the 1920’s through the 1940’s with the new woman and isolationism, in the changes 1950’s through the 1960’s with the growth of the suburbs and civil rights. In the 1880’s there was a massive growth in business, before this time businesses were own by one or two people. After the Civil War, it became harder and harder for theses types of business to survive, because they did not have the ability to mass-produce their products. The owners started to consolidate with larger companies, which turned in to large corporations. Two pioneers of business were John D. Rockefeller and Andrew Carnegie. John D Rockefeller controlled the oil industry by using horizontal integration; he controlled all of the oil industry. Andrew Carnegie controlled the steel industry by using vertical integration; the practice of controlling every phase of production by owning the sources of raw materials and the transportation facilities needed to distribute the product, it was a means of gaining a competitive edge over rival companies. The Gilded age w