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Since the dawn of time, bacteria have made their presence known on the earth on a unimaginable scale. Such a profileration of microbes, has put the human race as we know it, at risk to an assortment array of diseases. Taylor estimates about “one half of all human diseases are caused by pathogenic bacteria that invade the body and destroy the immune system defenses to ward off harmful microorganisms” (1). Over the years, rheumatic fever, a disease which chiefly strikes children and young adults has been kept in check through the use of antibiotics. The causative agent for this disease is found in the Class: Schizomycetes, Order: Eubacteria, Genus: Streptococcus, Species: Streptococcus pyogenes. we will briefly examine the bacterial morphology, disease and medical break throughs in combating this illness. With this in mind, let us examine the morphology of this particular strain of bacteria. In general, Streptococci are characterized as gram positive, nonmotile, facultative anaerobes which measure 0.5-1.0 micrometers in diameter.