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The American Pageant pages 25-65 I. The Planting of English America 1. Beginning of 17th century, European crop and livestock started making significant impacts on the landscape. Disease and armed conquest had ravaged the native people of the New World. Several hundred thousand enslaved Africans worked in the Caribbean and Brazilian sugar plantations. 2. Spain dominated the New World. A. England’s Imperial Stirrings 1. 1500s, England made weak attempts to colonize. Religious conflict disrupted England when King Henry VIII broke away from the Roman Catholic Church. Protestant Reformation was launched. Elizabeth ascended to power in 1558, England is Protestant and the rivalry with Catholic Spain intensifies. 2. Ireland fueled the rivalry. Catholic Irish sought Spanish aid in overthrowing Elizabeth. Elizabeth crushed them. Catholic Irish lands were confiscated and new Protestant landlords were given these lands. Bitter feelings stayed with the Irish and English. B. Elizabeth Energizes England 1. Queen Elizabeth encouraged English buccaneers to raid the Spanish shipping lanes and settlements, even though the two were at peace. Famous buccaneer; Sir Francis Drake. 2. Newfoundland was England’s 1st attemp