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Running Header: A Treatise Concerning Ethical Decision-Making A Treatise Concerning Ethical Decision-Making Abstract An understanding of ethical decision-making requires an examination of morality. Although ethical decisions have been pondered for centuries, a separate discipline for ethical decision-making, bioethics has only been recognized since 1970. These decisions include, informed consent, abortion, research on human subjects, right to health care, and many more areas. In the 1980’s a ten-step model of ethical decision-making was created and is still the basic standard used today. This model incorporates collecting data, utilizing ethical resources, proposing and testing resolutions, and, ultimately, making the decision. This process is very valuable in nursing judgments and is fundamental to bioethical nursing. Because decisions will always be made whether ethics, virtues or cultures are considered, the consistent use of this model will result in better outcomes for all involved. To fully understand the process of making an ethical decision, there must be an understanding of human morality. Ethics and morality began with the caveman. For instance, cavemen would often hit other cavemen in the