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Cenozoic Era, last of the five major eras of geologic time, beginning about 65 million years ago and extending through the present. The Cenozoic, shortest of the geologic eras, is that period during which the modern world, with its characteristic geographical features and its animals and plants, came into being. Paleontologists often call the Cenozoic the age of Mammals because mammals became common during this time. During the Cenozoic, mammals evolved adaptations that allowed them to live in various