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What is Alcoholism? Also known as alcohol dependence, is a disease that includes alcohol craving and continued drinking despite repeated alcohol-related problems. A person that is dependent on alcohol is called an alcoholic. Some harmful long-term effects of drinking are permanent brain damage, addiction to alcohol and serious mental disorders. Alcoholism can occur in anyone. It is not just a disease that is strictly for the poor or underprivileged. Mentally, alcohol affects each person somewhat differently depending on body weight, gender and food consumption. Alcohol acts as a sedative on the Central Nervous System. Therefore, nerve cells in the brain are depressed,