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Nanofiber Research Project (Under the Guidance of Dr. Anil Roy, DA- IICT,Gandhinagar,India-382009) --Mithlesh K.Bhagat,Pramod Singh,Rakesh Dhull,Rajeev Jaiswal) In this paper we are summarizing the past, present and future of fabrication of nanofibers and nanowires. Some of already explored applications of these are in electronic devices e.g. Field-effect transistors, sensors, detectors and light-emitting diodes etc. and many new are coming up. Semiconductor nanowires are one-dimensional structures, with unique electrical and optical properties e.g. Quantum confinement effects. Fabrication at nanoscale and at low temperature with lot of other constraints is a promising area of research. The vapor liquid solid (VLS) process is a fundamental mechanism for the growth of nanowires. In this process a small size (5 -100 nm in diameter), high melting point metal (such as Gold and Iron) catalyst particle directs the nanowires growth-direction. It also determines the diameter of the crystalline nanowires. The silica nanowires tend to grow batch by batch. For each batch, numerous