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Maryann Manning defined shared reading in terms that a teacher should be able to relate. Effective shared reading should be implemented in an elementary classroom. The article gave many different techniques that teachers can use in their classrooms, based on many grade levels, including: primary, intermediate, and middle school grades. “In shared reading, the teacher reads aloud to a group of students, drawing attention to the text by pointing out certain features. Shared reading can also be effective with older students who are particularly struggling with reading and writing. A text that especially lends itself to shared reading, making sure that it’s quality literature. For younger children, the text should have the ‘Three R’s’: Rhyme, Rhythm and Repetition. This process can be possible without enlarged texts, and can allow for a demonstration of the reading process. The convention of print can also receive attention during shared reading” (Manning 129-130). The use of shared reading is broken down into three main groups based on