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Assessment and Instruction 2 Assessment and Instruction of Phonological Skills Because humans co-articulate or overlap sounds in speech, phonemes are impossible to segment in a pure sense. In the speech flow, phonemes are formed and blended in such a way that one phoneme's production is influenced by the surrounding phonemes. Because phonemic analysis requires the reader to detect, segment, and manipulate individual phonemes, it is a much more sophisticated task and, consequently, a much more difficult task than either syllabic or intra-syllabic analysis (Treiman, 1991). One method of assessment of phonological skills is group assessment. Tests of invented spelling can be administered in a group setting, and the analysis of children's attempts to spell words provides the teacher with information about their ability to segment phonemes, their knowledge of the alphabet, and their understanding of letter-sound correspondences (Moats, 2000). Some researchers have also advocated the use of children's invented spellings as