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When we discuss classic ethical theories, utilitarianism provides us with a prevalent conception of morality. It is a theory derived from consequentialist ethical theory, whereby actions are morally assessed in terms of their consequences. After examining the prescribed literature on utilitarianism, it is evident that a clear distinction exists between 'act' and 'rule' utilitarianism. Although the authors of utilitarian theory primarily agree on, and advocate the concept of utility, a prominent conflict is evident in relation to the way utilitarian principles should be applied. For the purpose of this essay, an act utilitarian perspective will be assumed, focussing on the recent war within Iraq. After a clear understanding of utilitarianism is established, several crucial decisions relating to the war against Iraq will be analysed, and the consequences of these actions will be examined. It will be argued that the initiation of war within Iraq was morally legitimate and warranted, when we consider the significant consequences that resulted from this decision. Within the vast realm of ethical theory, utilitarianism presents us with a prevalent conception of morality. It is a theory associated with consequentialist ethical princip