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Procedure Questions 1. Define the evolutionary advancement in specific scientific and biological terms. Bipedalism brings certain advancements such as changed bone structures. In the beginning did not walk much today. They most likely knuckle walked like today’s primates. The bone structures of the two are quite different. Humans and chimpanzees have most of the same bones, but the position of the bone may be quite different. The way the human and the primates walk, shaped there bones to fit the way they walk. 2. Describe the results to species that failed to make these advancements. The results to species that failed to make these advancements were left to knuckle walk most of the time. There bones were also mostly unchanged. The foramen magnum is the hole through which the spinal cord exits the skull. In apes the foramen magnum is angled backward rather than beneath the skull. There is probably one main reason for knuckle-walkers. The spine has several curves to maintain balance. Because apes have no lumbar curve to pull the upper body back over their pelvis, their weight pulls them forward, forcing them to knuckle walk. Also the ape’s iliac blades of the pelvis are not twisted, as they are in humans. Since th