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History In 1866, a British Physician, John Langdon Down, identified the characteristics of the syndrome and described the condition as a distinct and separate entity. As a Superintendent of a children's asylum, Down referred to the children as Mongoloids because their facial features resembled those of asians. In 1960, the name was changed to Down's Syndrome and 10 years later in the 70's American Scientist's changed the name to Down Syndrome. One in every 800 to 1,000 children is born with Down Syndrome. There are over 350,000 people in the United States alone who have Down's. In the 19th century most people with Down Syndrome were institutionalized, given sub standard nutrition, and had very little medical care. Due to the increase of infections that spread in the institutions, the mortality rate was high. Today most people with Down's will live to be approximately 55 years old. In the first half of the 20th century, new and more effective approaches to the care and education of children with Down Syndrome where introduced. These approaches involved comprehensive health maintenance, early intervention to help infants with motor, speech, and cognitive development, Preschool nurser