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When the Industrial Revolution began in England in the second half of the eighteenth century, Manchester witnessed a shift from the traditional economic system that was based on farming, to a reliance on specialized labor, manufacturing, and factories. The changes that resulted from the beginnings of the industrial age were profound and caused a series of issues to be raised in support and condemnation of the new capital- intensive economy. The reactions to these concerns throughout the course of the nineteenth century differed dramatically. Due to the excessive and rapid industrialization of Manchester, the site soon became a great urban commercial center and an area of production. Urbanization quickly ensued once the Industrial Revolution took root, significantly increasing bo